NINO12, NINO3, NINO3.4, NINO4 (1856-now, Kaplan and Reynolds)

NINO12, NINO3, NINO3.4, NINO4 (1870-now, HadISST1)

NINO12, NINO3, NINO3.4, NINO4 (1880-now, ERSST v3b)

SOI (1866-2006, Jones)

SOI (1882-now, NCEP)

MEI (1950-now, NOAA/ESRL/PSD)

Warm Water Volume (5°S-5°N, 120°E-80°W, 1980-now, PMEL/TAO)

NAO Gibraltar-Stykkisholmur (1821-now, Jones)

NAO Azores-Stykkisholmur (1865-2002, data from Jones)

NAO (pattern-based, 1950-now, CPC)

NAO reconstruction (1658-2001, Luterbacher)

Summer NAO from NCEP/NCAR (1948-now), UCAR (1899-now), 20C (1871-2008) SLP

Arctic Oscillation derived from SLP (1899-2002) and derived from SAT (1851-1997, Thompson, Colorado State)

Arctic Oscillation (1950-now, NCEP/CPC)

Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation derived from HadSST (1850-now) and derived from ERSST (1880-now) SST 25°-60°N, 7°-75°W minus regression on Tglobal

Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation derived from HadSST (1850-now) and derived from ERSST (1880-now) SST EQ-60°N, 0°-80°W minus SST 60°S-60°N

Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation: ECMWF S3 (1961-2005)

East Atlantic, East Atlantic/Western Russia, Scandinavia and Polar/Eurasia patterns (1950-now, CPC)

West Pacific, East Pacific/North Pacific patterns (1950-now, CPC)

Pacific North American index and Tropical/Northern Hemisphere index, (1950-now, CPC)

North Pacific index (1899-now, Trenberth & Hurrell)

Pacific Decadal Oscillation (1900-now, Mantua, U. Washington)

based on HadSST3 (1850-now), based on ERSST (1880-now)

DMI based on HadISST (1958-2008)

DMI, SEIO, WIO based on HadISST1 (1870-now), DMI, SEIO, WIO based on ERSST (1880-now)

SIOD based on HadISST (1958-2007), home-computed from HadISST1 (1870-now), ERSST (1854-now)

1 (80°E), 2 (100°E), 3 (120°E), 4 (140°E), 5 (160°E), 6 (120°W), 7 (40°W), 8 (10°W), 9 (20°E), 10 (70°E) (1978-now, CPC)

QBO (1953-1999, Naujokat and Marquardt)

QBO (1958-now, Cathy Smith, CDC)

Antarctic Oscillation (1979-now, CPC/NCEP)

Southern Annular Mode index (1957-now, BAS)

M1, M2, M3, M4, M5, M6

HadCRUT4 Global average temperature (ocean only), northern hemisphere (ocean only), southern hemisphere (ocean only), tropics (ocean only) (1850-now Hadley Centre)

CRUTEM4 global land temperature (1850-now CRU / Hadley Centre)

HadCRUT4 Global average temperature ensemble, northern hemisphere ensemble, southern hemisphere ensemble, tropics ensemble (1850-now Hadley Centre)

Land-Ocean average temperature (ocean only), northern hemisphere, southern hemisphere (1880-now, NASA/GISS Ts+dSST)

Meteorological Station Data (land only, northern hemisphere, southern hemisphere (1880-now, NASA/GISS dTs)

ERA-interim T2m/SST global, land, sea, NH, SH T2m (1979-now)

ERA-interim T2m global, land, sea, NH, SH T2m (1979-now)

Global average temperature (land, ocean), northern hemisphere (land, ocean), southern hemisphere (land, ocean), (1880-now, NOAA/NCDC)

Global average land temperature (1800-2009, Berkeley)

Global, NH, SH, land, sea anomalies (1979-now, UAH)

Global upper ocean heat content (NH, SH), Atlantic (N, S), Indian (N, S), Pacific (N, S), (0-700m, 1955-now, NODC)

global upper ocean heat content(0-700m, 1993-now, PMEL)

Global sea level, oceans, seas from altimetry. Same with inverse barometer correction: global sea level, oceans, seas (1993-now, University of Colorado)

Global coastal sea level (error), rate of change (error) (1807-2002, PSMSL)

Mauna Loa CO₂ concentrations (1958-now, NOAA), logarithm, annual mean 1000-now, logarithm

Global marine CO₂ concentrations (1980-now, NOAA)

CMIP5 historical & RCP4.5 CO₂, CH₄, CO₂ equivalent concentrations (1765-now, IIASA)

SRES A1B, A1B, A1FI, A2, B1, B2, combined scenarios (1850-2100, IPCC)

Global stratospheric aerosol optical depth due to volcanic eruptions, NH,SH (1850-now, NASA/GISS)

Measured total solar irradiance (1978-now, WRC/PMOD)

Reconstructed solar constant (1882-2008, FUB), annual (1610-2008)

Sunspots (1749-now, SIDC), with alternating signs

Solar radio flux (1947-now, DRAO)

Annual reconstructed open solar flux (1675-2010), observed open solar flux (1967-2010), Lockwood

Length Of Day (1962-now, IERS)

Number of named storms, intense hurricanes per season over the North Atlantic (1944-2008, Landsea plus FAQ)

Annual number of hurricanes over the Atlantic observed, adjusted (1878-2008, Gabe Vecchi)

Annual hurricane days over the Atlantic observed, adjusted (1878-2008, Gabe Vecchi)

Number of tropical storms over the Atlantic, West Pacific, East Pacific, Indian Ocean, Southern Hemisphere and whole world (1851-2008, Kerry Emanual)

Number of tropical cyclones (cat 1-5) over the Atlantic, West Pacific, East Pacific, Indian Ocean, Southern Hemisphere and whole world (1851-2008, Kerry Emanual)

Number of severe tropical cyclones (cat 3-5) over the Atlantic, West Pacific, East Pacific, Indian Ocean, Southern Hemisphere and whole world (1851-2008, Kerry Emanual)

Number of very severe tropical cyclones (cat 4-5) over the Atlantic, West Pacific, East Pacific, Indian Ocean, Southern Hemisphere and whole world (1851-2008, Kerry Emanual)

Atlantic basin monthly Accumulated Cyclone Energy Index, Net Tropical Cyclone Activity, annual ACE, NTC (1851-2006, Phil Klotzbach)

Northern Hemisphere, Eurasia, North America, North America without Greenland snow cover (1966-now, Rutgers University)

NH area, NH extent, SH area, SH extent (1978-now, NSIDC)

PIOMAS NH volume (1979-now, U Washington PSC)

GRACE Greenland, Antarctica mass changes, (2003-2013, TU Delft)

All-India Rainfall (1871-2006, 29 subdivision, 2880000 km2, IITM)

Homogeneous India Rainfall (1871-2006, 14 subdivisions, 1596970 km2, IITM)

Core-Monsoon India Rainfall (1871-1999, 7 subdivisions, 776942 km2, IITM)

Indian rainfall per region (map, 1871-2006, IITM)

Indian rainfall per subdivision (map, 1871-2006, IITM)

Indian minimum temperature per region (1871-2003, IITM)

Indian maximum temperature per region (1871-2003, IITM)

yearly All India Rainfall (1813-1998, LDGO archive)

Jakarta Rain Days (1829-1997, KNMI)

Temperature, precipitation reconstruction (1525-1989, Pfister)

Central England Temperature (1659-now), minimum (1878-now), maximum (1878-now, Hadley Centre)

England & Wales Precipitation (1766-now), Scotland Precipitation, Northern Ireland Precipitation (1931-now, Hadley Centre)

Southeast England, Southwest England, Central England, Northeast England, Northwest England (1873-now), Southern Scotland, Eastern Scotland, Northern Scotland precipitation (1931-now, Hadley Centre)

Central Netherlands Temperature (1906-now, KNMI) (v1.0)

Homogenised Dutch temperatures (10 stations, 1906-now, KNMI)

Homogenized monthly mean temperature in De Bilt (1901-now, KNMI)

Temperature in De Bilt, the Netherlands (1706-now, van Engelen & Nellestijn)

Elfstedentochten (1901-2008, KNMI)

beech nuts (1930-1967), beech crop (1930-1996)

Windex (2002-now) index for wind energy

Strength of the Florida Current (1982-now, Florida Current Project)

AMOC transport at 26.5°N, upper mid-ocean transport, Florida Straits transport, Ekman transport (2004-now, Rapid)

Time (to investigate the time-behaviour of fields)

difference between civic date and tropical date (spurious trends in spring and autumn)

Red noise: Y(mo,yr) = white gaussian noise + Y(mo-1,yr) + Y(mo,yr-1)

ENSO, NAO indices (1981-about now, operational seasonal forecasts)

ENSO indices (1958-2001, DEMETER seasonal hindcasts)

ENSO, global mean temperature, MOC Indices (1950-2100, ESSENCE climate change experiments)