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Effects of El Niño and La Niña on world weather: all seasons

El Niño and La Niña affect the weather in large parts of the world. The effects depend strongly on the location and the season. We have studied the CRU TS 3.22 analyses of 2-meter temperature over land. As a measure of the strength of the relationship we used the correlation coefficient with the Niño3.4 index. The square of this number gives the fraction of the variance that is explained by this aspect of El Niño and La Niña.

Temperature
In the temperature maps, red colours denote locations that on average are warmer during El Niño and cooler during La Niña. Blue colours are colder during El Niño and/or warmer during La Niña. Some North America effects are non-linear: the effect of La Niña is not the opposite of the effect of El Niño.
Relationship between El Niño and temperature in January-March
Relationship between El Niño and temperature in February-April
Relationship between El Niño and temperature in March-May
Relationship between El Niño and temperature in April-June
Relationship between El Niño and temperature in May-July
Relationship between El Niño and temperature in June-August
Relationship between El Niño and temperature in July-September
Relationship between El Niño and temperature in August-October
Relationship between El Niño and temperature in September-November
Relationship between El Niño and temperature in October-December
Relationship between El Niño and temperature in November-January
Relationship between El Niño and temperature in December-February

Standard seasons

Precipitation, temperature and tropical storms

Other seasons

Monthly precipitation
Seasonal precipitation
Monthly temperature
Seasonal temperature

© 2022 KNMI (results, code) / World Meteorological Organization (WMO) (design)
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